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| Description | |
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| Catalogue Number | 15-101 |
| Brand Family | Upstate |
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| Description | Akt phosphorylation Pathway Explorer MiniPack |
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| Background Information | Pathway Explorer Antibody MiniPack: Each Pathway Explorer Antibody Minipack contains three related antibodies as part of a signaling cascade or a combination of total and phosphorylated forms of key signaling targets. Each of the three antibodies are 30% the original pack size. Full size versions of each of the Pathway Explorer antibodies are available for sale individually under the same catalog number with the removal of “SP” off of each one (e.g. 05-591SP can be ordered as 05-591). Anti-Akt/PKB, PH Domain, clone SKB1: Akt (protein kinase B), a serine/threonine kinase, has emerged as a critical enzyme in signal transduction pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and diabetes. In mammals three isoforms of Akt (α,β, γ or Akt 1, 2, 3) are reported that exhibit a high degree of homology, but differ slightly in the localization of their regulatory phosphorylation sites. Aktα is the predominant isoform in most tissues, whereas the highest expression of Aktβ is observed in the insulin-responsive tissues, and Aktγ is abundant in brain tissue. Each Akt isoform is composed of three functionally distinct regions: an N-terminal pleckstrin homology (PH) domain that provides a lipid-binding module to direct Akt to PIP3, a central catalytic domain, and a C-terminal hydrophobic motif. Anti-phospho-Akt (Thr308), clone 50-1C-25 or Anti-phospho-Akt1/PKBα (Ser473), clone 11E6: Akt/PKB is a Ser/Thr kinase and a major known effecter of the PI3 Kinase pathway. It is involved in multiple signaling pathways that relate to many biological processes including metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle control, angiogenesis, differentiation, and cell growth and proliferation. In mammals, three isoforms of Akt (Akt1/PKCα, Akt2/PKBβ, and Akt3/PKBγ) exists. They exhibit a high degree of homology, but differ slightly in the localization of their regulatory phosphorylation sites. Akt1 is the predominant isoform that is in most tissues and is thought to have a dominant role in growth, survival, embryonic development, and adipocyte differentiation. Akt2 is correlated with the regulation of glucose homeostasis and is the predominant isoform expressed in insulin-responsive tissues. Akt3 is abundant in brain tissue. Each Akt isoform is composed of three functionally distinct regions: an N-terminal Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain that provides a lipid-binding module, a central catalytic domain containing Thr308, and a C-terminal hydrophobic motif containing Ser473. The activation of AKT is dependent on a dual regulatory mechanism that requires both its translocation to the plasma membrane and dual phosphorylation on Thr308 and Ser473 by PDK1 and the TORC2 complex, respectively. *See full size versions for corresponding references. |
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| Presentation | 3 individual tubes containing either Anti-Akt/PKB, PH Domain, clone SKB1; Anti-phospho-Akt (Thr308), clone 50-1C-25; or Anti-phospho-Akt1/PKBα (Ser473), clone 11E6 |
| Properties | Each vial is 30% the size of the parent catalog number |
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| Application | This Antibody pack contains Anti-Akt/PKB Antibody, PH Domain, Anti-phospho-Akt Antibody (Thr308), Anti-phospho-Akt1/PKBα Antibody (Ser473). |
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| UniProt Summary | FUNCTION: General protein kinase capable of phosphorylating several known proteins. Phosphorylates TBC1D4. Signals downstream of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI(3)K) to mediate the effects of various growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Plays a role in glucose transport by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the cell surface. Mediates the antiapoptotic effects of IGF-I. Mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis, partly by playing a role in both insulin-induced phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and in insulin-induced activation of p70 S6 kinase. Promotes glycogen synthesis by mediating the insulin-induced activation of glycogen synthase. CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein. ENZYME REGULATION: Three specific sites, one in the kinase domain (Thr-308) and the two other ones in the C-terminal regulatory region (Ser-473 and Tyr-474), need to be phosphorylated for its full activation. SUBUNIT: Interacts with CENTG1 isoform 2 (PIKE-A) in the presence of guanine nucleotides. The C-terminus interacts with CCDC88A/GRDN and THEM4. Interacts with AKTIP. Interacts (via PH domain) with MTCP1, TCL1A AND TCL1B. Interacts with CDKN1B; the interaction phosphorylates CDKN1B promoting 14-3-3 binding and cell-cycle progression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cell membrane. Note=Nucleus after activation by integrin-linked protein kinase 1 (ILK1). Nuclear translocation is enhanced by interaction with TCL1A. TISSUE SPECIFICITY: In all human cell types so far analyzed. DOMAIN: Binding of the PH domain to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase alpha (PI(3)K) results in its targeting to the plasma membrane. DOMAIN: The AGC-kinase C-terminal mediates interaction with THEM4. PTM: Phosphorylation on Thr-308, Ser-473 and Tyr-474 is required for full activity. Ser-473 phosphorylation by the Rictor-mTor complex favors Thr-308 phosphorylation by PDPK1. Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced by interaction with CENTG1 isoform 2 (PIKE-A). Ser-473 phosphorylation is enhanced in focal cortical dysplasias with Taylor-type balloon cells. |
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| Material Size | 3 vials/Pk |
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