• Purity

  >90%, by SDS-PAGE visualized with Silver Staining and quantitative densitometry by Coomassie? Blue Staining.

• Endotoxin Level

  <1.0 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to mediate Balb/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cell adhesion. Ball, D.K.     et al. (2003) Reproduction     125:271. Recombinant Human Cyr61/CCN1 Fc Chimera immobilized at 1.5 μg/mL, 100 μL/well, will mediate >25% BALB/3T3 cell adhesion    
  (3 x 10    ⁴ cell/well added).

• Source

  Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line, CHO-derived

  Human Cyr61 (Ala22-Asp381) Accession # O00622	IEGRMD	Human IgG1 (Pro100-Lys330)
  N-terminus		C-terminus

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Ala22

• Structure / Form

  Disulfide-linked homodimer

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  66.3 kDa

• SDS-PAGE

  70-75 kDa, reducing conditions

Background: Cyr61/CCN1

Cyr61, also known as CCN1, is a 40-45 kDa matricellular glycoprotein that plays an important role in cellular adhesion and migration (1). Cyr61 consists of an IGFBP domain, a VWF type C domain, a TSP type I domain, and a cysteine knot domain (2). Mature human Cyr61 shares 93% amino acid sequence identity with mouse and rat Cyr61. It is widely expressed during development and in adult tissues (2, 3). Cyr61 associates with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and with many cell surface molecules including Integrins alpha V beta 3, alpha V beta 5, alpha M beta 2, and alpha 6 beta 1, Syndecan-4, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (1, 3). Cyr61 mediates the adhesion and migration of multiple cell types and also promotes vascular endothelial cell tubule formation (4-6). Plasmin cleavage of ECM-bound Cyr61 releases a 28 kDa N-terminal fragment which retains the ability to promote endothelial cell migration (7). Cyr61 exhibits both tumorigenic and tumor suppressor properties. It is up-regulated and promotes tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and metastasis in breast, renal, gastric, squamous cell, and colorectal carcinomas as well as in glioma (8-12). In contrast, when
down-regulated, it suppresses tumor growth in endometrial, hepatic, and non-small cell lung cancers (8, 13, 14). Cyr61 is also up-regulated in injured skin and bone where it induces the expression of growth factors, cytokines, proteases, and integrins involved in wound repair (15, 16).

• References:

1. Chen, Y. and X.Y. Du (2007) J. Cell. Biochem. 100:1337.

2. Jay, P. et al. (1997) Oncogene 14:1753.

3. Feng, P. et al. (2008) Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 40:98.

4. Chen, N. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275:24953.

5. Leu, S.-J. et al. (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277:46248.

6. Schutze, N. et al. (2007) BMC Cell Biol. 8:45.

7. Pendurthi, U.R. et al. (2005) Cancer Res. 65:9705.

8. O'Kelly, J. et al. (2008) Int. J. Oncol. 33:59.

9. Chintalapudi, M.R. et al. (2008) Carcinogenesis 29:696.

10. Xie, D. et al. (2004) Cancer Res. 64:1987.

11. Lin, M.-T. et al. (2007) J. Biol. Chem. 282:34594.

12. Monnier, Y. et al. (2008) Cancer Res. 68:7323.

13. Tong, X. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:47709.

14. Chien, W. et al. (2004) J. Biol. Chem. 279:53087.

15. Hadjiargyrou, M. et al. (2000) J. Bone Miner. Res.15:1014.

16. Chen, C.-C. et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276:47329.

• Long Name:

  Cysteine-Rich, Angiogenic Inducer 61

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  3491 (Human); 16007 (Mouse); 83476 (Rat)

• Alternate Names:

  CCN family member 1; CCN1; CCN1IGF-binding protein 10; Cyr61; Cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61; cysteine-rich, angiogenic inducer, 61; GIG1; GIG1cysteine-rich heparin-binding protein 61; IBP-10; IGFBP-10; IGFBP10cysteine-rich, anigogenic inducer, 61; Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 10; protein CYR61; Protein GIG1