• Purity

  >97%, by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions and visualized by silver stain

• Endotoxin Level

  <0.01 EU per 1 μg of the protein by the LAL method.  

• Activity

  Measured by its ability to chemoattract BaF3 mouse pro?B cells transfected with human CCR5. The ED    ₅₀ for this effect is 3.5-20 ng/mL.

• Source

  E. coli-derived Tyr26-Asn92 (Lys84Tyr and Gly85 del)

• Accession #

• N-terminal Sequence    
  Analysis

  Tyr26

• Predicted Molecular Mass

  7.7 kDa

Carrier Free

What does CF mean?

CF stands for Carrier Free (CF). We typically add Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. The carrier free version does not contain BSA.

What formulation is right for me?

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. In contrast, the carrier free protein is recommended for applications, in which the presence of BSA could interfere.

Background: CCL5/RANTES

CCL5, also known as RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and presumably Secreted), is an 8 kDa beta -chemokine that plays a primary role in the inflammatory immune response by means of its ability to attract and activate leukocytes (1 - 3). Human and mouse RANTES exhibit cross-species activity on human and mouse cells (4). Mature feline CCL5 shares 84% aa seqeuence identity with canine CCL5 and 71% - 75% with cotton rat, human, mouse, and rat CCL5 (5). CCL5 is secreted by many cell types at inflammatory sites, and it exerts a wide range of activities through the receptors CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CCR5 (6, 7). Inflammatory responses can be impaired by the sequestration of CCL5 by the cytomegalovirus protein US28 (8). In humans, CCR5 binding to CCL5 inhibits the infectivity of R5 (M-tropic) but not X4 (T-tropic) strains of HIV-1 (9). The two N-terminal residues of CCL5 can be removed by CD26/DPPIV, generating a protein that functions as a chemotaxis inhibitor and more effectively blocks M-tropic HIV-1 infection of monocytes (10). Oligomerization of CCL5 on glycosaminoglycans is required for CCR1-mediated leukocyte adhesion and activation as well as CCL5’s interaction with the chemokine CXCL4/PF4 (11 - 13). The deposition of CCL5 on activated vascular endothelial cells is crucial for monocyte adhesion to damaged vasculature, but CCL5 oligomerization is not required for the extravasation of adherent leukocytes (14 - 16). CCL5 is upregulated in breast cancer and promotes tumor progression through the attraction of proinflammatory macrophages in addition to its actions on tumor cells, stromal cells, and the vasculature (17).

• References:

1. Schall, T.J. et al. (1990) Nature 347:669.

2. Bacon, K.B. et al. (1995) Science 269:1727.

3. Fischer, F.R. et al. (2001) J. Immunol. 167:1637.

4. Schall, T.J. et al. (1992) Eur. J. Immunol. 22:1477.

5. Kimura, T. et al. (2003) Vet. Dermatol. 14:269.

6. Appay, V. and S.L. Rowland-Jones (2001) Trends Immunol. 22:83.

7. Levy, J.A. (2009) J. Immunol. 182:3945.

8. Randolph-Habecker, J.R. et al. (2002) Cytokine 19:37.

9. DeVico, A.L. and Gallo, R.C. (2004) Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2:401.

10. Proost, P. et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273:7222.

11. Appay, V. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274:27505.

12. Proudfoot, A.E.I. et al. (2003) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100:1885.

13. von Hundelshausen, P. et al. (2005) Blood 105:924.

14. von Hundelshausen, P. et al. (2001) Circulation 103:1772.

15. Zernecke, A. et al. (2008) Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28:1897.

16. Baltus, T. et al. (2003) Blood 102:1985.

17. Soria, G. and A. Ben-Baruch (2008) Cancer Lett. 267:271.

• Entrez Gene IDs:

  6352 (Human); 20304 (Mouse); 403522 (Canine); 493689 (Feline)

• Alternate Names:

  CCL5; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; D17S136Enormally T-expressed, and presumably secreted; EoCP; Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine; RANTES; SISd; SIS-delta; small inducible cytokine A5 (RANTES); small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 5; Small-inducible cytokine A5; T cell-specific protein P228; T-cell specific protein p288; TCP228T-cell-specific protein RANTES